Python String lower()
Method
The lower() method in Python is used to convert all the characters in a string to lowercase. It's useful when comparing strings or working with user input where case sensitivity doesn't matter.
Syntax
string.lower()
Parameters:
- None – This method does not take any arguments.
Returns:
- A new string where all uppercase characters are converted to lowercase.
Example 1: Basic Usage
text = "HELLO WORLD"
print(text.lower())
hello world
Example 2: Mixed Case String
greeting = "GoOd MoRnInG"
print(greeting.lower())
good morning
Why Use lower()
?
- To make string comparison case-insensitive.
- To clean up user input before storing or validating.
- To normalize data for searching or sorting.
Example 3: Comparing Strings
a = "Python"
b = "PYTHON"
print(a.lower() == b.lower())
True
Even though the original strings differ in case, they are equal after using lower()
.
Does lower()
Change the Original String?
No, strings in Python are immutable. The lower()
method returns a new string — it doesn’t modify the original one.
Common Mistake
name = "ALICE"
name.lower()
print(name)
ALICE
Why? Because name.lower()
returns a new string, but it wasn't assigned back to name
.
Correct Way:
name = name.lower()
print(name)
Summary
lower()
converts a string to lowercase.- Returns a new string — original is not changed.
- Helps with case-insensitive comparisons and text cleaning.
Practice Problem
Ask the user to input a sentence and print it in lowercase.
text = input("Enter a sentence: ")
print("In lowercase:", text.lower())