Python import() Function – Dynamic Module Import

Python `import()` Function

The __import__() function in Python is a special built-in function that is used to import modules dynamically at runtime. While you typically use the import keyword, this function is what Python uses behind the scenes to make that happen.

Syntax

__import__(name, globals=None, locals=None, fromlist=(), level=0)

Parameters:

name – Required. The name of the module to import (as a string).
globals – Optional. Usually globals().
locals – Optional. Usually locals().
fromlist – Optional. A list of names to import from the module.
level – Optional. Used for relative imports (0 = absolute import).

Returns:

The imported module object.

Basic Example

math_module = __import__('math')
print(math_module.sqrt(16))

4.0

Using `fromlist` Parameter

If you want to import specific objects (like sqrt or pi) from a module, use the fromlist parameter.

mod = __import__('math', fromlist=['sqrt'])
print(mod.sqrt(25))

5.0

Why Use `import()` Instead of `import`?

Used when module names are stored in variables or come from user input
Useful for dynamic imports in frameworks, plugins, and automation
Helpful in meta-programming and interpreter-level operations

Example: Importing Based on User Input

module_name = input("Enter module to import: ")
mod = __import__(module_name)
print(f"Successfully imported: {mod.__name__}")

Best Practices

For regular use, prefer the import statement
Use __import__() only when dynamic behavior is absolutely needed
Validate user input if using it to import modules dynamically

Common Mistakes

Using it instead of import unnecessarily can make code harder to read
Not handling ImportError if the module doesn't exist

Interview Tip

This function is rarely used in interviews, but knowing it can show your depth in Python internals or dynamic programming techniques.

Summary

__import__() dynamically imports modules in Python
Mainly used when you don’t know the module name ahead of time
Returns a module object you can use like a normal import

Practice Problem

Write a program that takes a module name as input and tries to import it using __import__(). If it fails, print an error message.

try:
    name = input("Module name: ")
    mod = __import__(name)
    print(f"{name} imported successfully!")
except ImportError:
    print("Module not found!")

Python __import__() Function – Dynamic Module Import

Python __import__() Function