Python chr() Function

The chr() function in Python returns the character that represents the specified Unicode code point (an integer). It’s the opposite of ord(), which gives the Unicode number for a character.

Syntax

chr(i)

Parameters:

• i – An integer representing the Unicode code point (between 0 and 1,114,111)

Returns:

• The string representing the character whose Unicode code point is i

Example 1: Basic Usage

print(chr(65))

A

This is because the Unicode code point 65 maps to the character 'A'.

Example 2: Lowercase Letter

print(chr(97))

a

Example 3: Symbols and Special Characters

print(chr(36))   # Dollar sign
print(chr(8364)) # Euro sign

$
€

Example 4: Creating Alphabets Using chr()

for i in range(65, 91):
    print(chr(i), end=" ")

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Use Case: Why Use chr()?

• To generate characters programmatically
• Useful in ASCII/Unicode manipulation tasks
• Often used in algorithms and encryption tasks (like Caesar cipher)

Common Mistakes

• Out of range: Passing a number below 0 or above 1,114,111 will raise a ValueError
• Non-integer: Passing a float or string will raise a TypeError

Interview Tip

The chr() and ord() functions often appear together in string manipulation or encryption interview problems.

Summary

• chr(i) converts a Unicode code point to a character
• Only accepts integers between 0 and 1,114,111
• Opposite of ord(), which converts a character to a number

Practice Problem

Write a Python program to print all characters from Unicode 97 to 122 on one line (a to z).

for i in range(97, 123):
    print(chr(i), end=" ")