Introduction to Programming
Concepts - Index

Module 1: Introduction to Programming

• What is Programming? (Purpose and Applications)
• How Computers Understand Code
• Introduction to Compilers and Interpreters
• Programming Paradigms: Imperative vs Declarative vs Functional

Module 2: Variables and Data Types

• Understanding Variables and Memory
• Primitive Data Types: Numbers, Strings, Booleans
• Complex Data Types: Arrays, Lists, Tuples, Dictionaries
• Type Systems: Static vs Dynamic Typing
• Type Conversion and Casting

Module 3: Operators and Expressions

• Arithmetic Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators (AND, OR, NOT)
• Assignment and Compound Assignment
• Bitwise Operators and Their Use-Cases

Module 4: Control Flow

• Conditional Statements (if, else, else-if)
• Nested Conditions
• Switch/Case Logic (Where Applicable)
• Truthy and Falsy Values in Control Flow

Module 5: Loops and Iteration

• For Loops, While Loops
• Nested Loops
• Loop Control: break, continue, pass
• Infinite Loops and Exit Conditions

Module 6: Functions and Scope

• Defining and Calling Functions
• Function Parameters and Return Values
• Variable Scope: Local, Global, Nonlocal
• Recursion Basics
• Pure vs Impure Functions

Module 7: Data Structures

• Arrays and Lists
• Sets and Dictionaries (Hash Tables)
• Stacks and Queues
• Linked Lists (Singly and Doubly)
• Choosing the Right Data Structure

Module 8: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• Classes and Objects
• Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism
• Constructors and Destructors
• Instance vs Class Variables and Methods
• OOP Design Best Practices

Module 9: Error Handling

• Types of Errors: Syntax, Runtime, Logic
• Using Try/Catch Blocks (Try/Except)
• Custom Exceptions
• Debugging Techniques

Module 10: File I/O

• Reading from and Writing to Files
• Working with Text and Binary Files
• Handling File Exceptions
• Working with File Paths

Module 11: Functional Programming Concepts

• First-Class Functions
• Map, Filter, Reduce
• Lambda Functions
• Immutability and Pure Functions
• Closures and Higher-Order Functions

Module 12: Asynchronous Programming

• What is Asynchronous Programming?
• Synchronous vs Asynchronous Execution
• Callbacks, Promises/Futures
• Async/Await Pattern
• Use Cases: Networking, Timers, UI Events

Module 13: Programming Best Practices

• Writing Readable Code
• Code Reusability and DRY Principle
• Version Control Basics (Git Overview)
• Modular Code and Project Organization
• Testing and Code Reviews

Module 14: Capstone Projects

• Project 1: Simple Calculator
• Project 2: To-Do List CLI App
• Project 3: Contacts Manager with File Persistence
• Project 4: Asynchronous Data Fetch Simulator