class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
self.val = val
self.left = left
self.right = right
def postorderTraversal(root):
if not root:
return []
stack1, stack2 = [root], []
while stack1:
node = stack1.pop()
stack2.append(node)
if node.left:
stack1.append(node.left)
if node.right:
stack1.append(node.right)
result = []
while stack2:
result.append(stack2.pop().val)
return result
# Example usage:
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Construct binary tree:
# 1
# / \
# 2 3
# / \
# 4 5
root = TreeNode(1, TreeNode(2, TreeNode(4), TreeNode(5)), TreeNode(3))
print(postorderTraversal(root))